Трансформація норманської та антинорманської теорій походження Русі в історичній науці XVII - початку ХХ ст.
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Видавець
Видавництво НДУ ім.М. В. Гоголя
Анотація
Стаття присвячена комплексному вивченню історіографічних до-
сліджень з питання походження Русі в контексті розвитку істо-
ричної думки XVII - початку ХХ ст. Проаналізовано причини заро-
дження двох антагоністичних напрямків в історіографії - норман-
ського та антинорманського. Зосереджено увагу на проблемі
авторства норманської теорії, розглянуто хід боротьби анти-
норманського та норманського історіографічних підходів.
Опис
The article is devoted to the comprehensive study of historiographical
studies on the Rus origin in the context of the development of historical
theories of the XVII - beginning of the XX century. The causes of the
origin of the Norman and Anti-Norman theories as two antagonistic trends
in historiography are analyzed. The attention is focused on the problem of
the authorship of the Norman theory, which, according to modern
historians, belongs to the Swedish diplomat and historian of the beginning
of the XVII century Peter Petreius. The author refutes the thesis that T. S.
Bayer could be the founder of the Norman's theory, since the thesis about
the Norman origin of the Varangians has been declared three years before the publication of the article "De varagis" by the other German
historian G. Miller.
The paper also emphasizes the evolution of the anti-Norman and
Norman historiographical approaches since M. Lomanosov, G. Miller, A.
Schlosser, G. Evers, D. Ilovajsky till the works of M. Pogodin, M.
Maksymovych, M. Kostomarov, S. Gedeonov, Yu. Venelin, V. Thomson
and others.
The author concludes that the activity of representatives of the anti-
Norman direction of the second half of the XIXth century deprived
Normanism of the halo of scientism because anti-normanists mobilized
more historical material than the most erudite normanists had done.
Therefore, at the end of the XIXth century skepticism towards Norman
ideas prevailed in the historical literature.
Lack of trust in Normanist constructions in the second half of the XIXth
century was a reason that the research center which generated
arguments in favor of the Norman origin of Rus had been moved abroad.
At the turn of the century the fund of written sources that would help to
solve the problem was exhausted; direct facts were not enough for a
convincing solving the problem. There was a need to attract new sources,
on the one hand, and to change the methodological approaches toward
research, on the other hand. Therefore, at the turn of the XIXth and XXth
centuries, despite the emergence of a solid stratum of historiographical
works, the availability of various methodological approaches and the
involvement of a wide range of written and archaeological sources, the
research of the problem of the Rus origin was in a deep systemic crisis
The overcoming of that crisis required the development of completely
new criteria for reading historical texts, involving new methodological
tools, as well as close interdisciplinary connections.
Ключові слова
походження Русі, історіографічний процес, ідеологія, Kievan Rus origin, historiographical process, crisis, ideology